DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENTS AND METHODS OF ECOLOGY
Ключевые слова:
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the interactions between individual organisms to the dynamics of entire ecosystems. The development, departments, and methods of ecology have evolved over time to address the complex and interconnected nature of ecological systems.[1]Аннотация
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. It encompasses the interactions between organisms, the physical and chemical factors that influence their survival and reproduction, and the flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems. Ecologists study a wide range of topics, including population dynamics, community structure, ecosystem processes, biodiversity patterns, and the impacts of human activities on natural systems. In this article development, departments and methods of ecology are discussed in detail.
Библиографические ссылки
S. E. Kingsland, "Foundational Papers: Defining Ecology as a Science", in L. A. Real and J. H. Brown, eds., Foundations of Ecology: Classic Papers with Commentaries. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1991. pp. 1–2.
Stadler, B.; Michalzik, B.; Müller, T. (1998). "Linking aphid ecology with nutrient fluxes in a coniferous forest". Ecology. 79 (5): 1514–1525.. ISSN 0012-9658.
Humphreys, N. J.; Douglas, A. E. (1997). "Partitioning of symbiotic bacteria between generations of an insect: a quantitative study of a Buchnera sp. in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) reared at different temperatures". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63 (8): 3294–3296.
Liere, Heidi; Jackson, Doug; Vandermeer, John; Wilby, Andrew (20 September 2012). "Ecological Complexity in a Coffee Agroecosystem: Spatial Heterogeneity, Population Persistence and Biological Control". PLOS ONE. 7 (9):
Odum, E. P.; Barrett, G. W. (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology. Brooks Cole. p. 598. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
