MUDDATDAN UTIB TUGILGAN BOLALARNI COVID-19 XUSUSIYATLARI VA PROFILAKTIK CHORA TADBIRLARINI OLIB BOORISH
Ключевые слова:
COVID-19, profilaktika, labarator taxlillar, koranavirus, RNK, bolalar, rivojlanish mexanizmi.Аннотация
Koronaviruslar – 26–30000 nukleotiddan iborat bir zanjirli ijobiy RNK tutuvchi qobiqli viruslar oilasiga kiradi. Viruslarning katta qismining qobig‘ida mikroskop ostida yaxshi ko‘rinadigan hamda quyosh tojini eslatuvchi yirik peplomerlar (20 nm gacha) integratsiyalangan [7]. Hozirgi kunda 40 tadan ortiq koronaviruslar ma’lum. Ularning 7 tasi inson uchun patogen hisoblanadi. Coronaviridae oilasi 4 ta (alpha, beta, delta, gamma) avlodni birlashtiruvchi Letivirinae (bir tur bilan ifodalanadi) va Orthocoronavirinae kenja oilalarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Koronaviruslarning turli tumanligi uchta asosiy sabablar natijasida yuzaga kelgan. Birinchidan, koronavirusning RNKga bog‘liq RNK-polimerazani noaniqliligi tufayli 1000-10000 nukleotidga bitta tartibdagi mutatsiyalar rivojlanadi, natijada o‘ta o‘zgaruvchan bo‘ladi [8]. Ikkinchidan, “nusxa tanlash” mexanizmi orqali amalga oshiriladigan noyob tasodifiy shablon almashinuvi natijasida koronaviruslar RNK gomologik rekombinatsiyasining yuqori chastotasiga ega [9]. Uchinchidan, koronaviruslar RNK tutuvchi ma’lum viruslar orasida eng ko‘p genom tutadi, bu ularga genlar modifikatsiyasida qo‘shimcha plastiklikni beradi. Ushbu omillarning birga kelishi turli xo‘jayinlar organizmiga moslasha oladigan koronaviruslarning turli xillarini paydo bo‘lishiga imkon beradi [10]. Birinchi koronavirus 1937 yilda tovuq embrionidan ajratib olingan [11], birinchi ikkita inson viruslari (HCoV-229E va HCoV-OC43) o‘tgan asrning 60-yillarini o‘rtalarida o‘tkir respirator virusli infeksiya bilan kasallangan bemordan ajratib olingan [12, 13]. 2002 yilgacha koronaviruslarga engil respirator kasalliklar qo‘zg‘atuvchilari sifatida qaralgan.
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