NOSQL MA'LUMOTLAR BAZASI: TANQIDIY TAHLIL VA TAQQOSLASH
Ключевые слова:
ma'lumotlar bazasi; NoSQL; taqqoslash; ma'lumotlar bazasi tizimlari; MongoDb; Cassandra; Redis; Neo4j.Аннотация
Hozirgi tadqiqot NoSQL ma'lumotlar bazalarining mavjud bo'lgan turli shakllarni o'rganadi va farqlaydi. U NoSQLga bo'lgan ehtiyojni va uning relyatsion ma'lumotlar bazalariga qanday darajada bog`liqligini o'rganadi. NoSQL ma'lumotlar bazalarini to'rtta asosiy tasnifga bo'lish mumkin: asosiy qiymatlar do'konlari, grafik ma'lumotlar bazalari, keng ustunli do'konlar va hujjatlar do'konlari. Bu toifalar funksional va funksional bo‘lmagan xususiyatlar asosida taqqoslanadi. Funktsional bo'lmagan xususiyatlar unumdorlik, miqyoslilik, moslashuvchanlik, tuzilish va murakkablikni o'z ichiga oladi. Funktsional xususiyatlar normalizatsiya, qo'shilish, markazlashganlik, yig'ish va kalitlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Keyinchalik tahlil qilish uchun ushbu toifalarning har biridan bitta ma'lumotlar bazasi tanlanadi, ya'ni MongoDB (hujjatlar do'konlari), Cassandra (keng ustunli do'konlar), Redis (asosiy qiymatlar do'konlari) va Neo4j (grafik ma'lumotlar bazalari). Tanlangan ma'lumotlar bazalari ularning ma'lumotlar modeli, CAP teoremasi, tarqatish xususiyatlari va boshqa omillar bo'yicha taqqoslanadi. Funktsional bo'lmagan xususiyatlar bo'yicha taqqoslashni amalga oshirish orqali, agar yuqori unumdorlik, moslashuvchanlik va miqyoslilik talab qilinsa va biz JSON formatida ma'lumotlarni taqdim etgan bo'lsak, hujjatlar do'konidan foydalanish mumkinligi aniqlandi. Ustunlar do'konidan yuqori unumdorlik va miqyoslilikni talab qiluvchi yarim tuzilgan ma'lumotlar uchun foydalanish mumkin. Redis anin xotira ombori bo'lib, bitta parcha bilan ishlashda juda tez ishlaydi. Grafik ma'lumotlar bazalari o'zaro bog'langan ma'lumotlar va doimiy rivojlanayotgan ma'lumotlar modellari haqida gap ketganda foydalanish mumkin. MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis va Neo4j o'rtasidagi taqqoslash shuni ko'rsatdiki, ularning barchasi gorizontal o'lchovga amal qiladi va sxemasiz. Neo4j dan tashqari, boshqalar to'liq ACID xususiyatlariga ega emas. MongoDB, Redis va Cassandra ma'lumotlar bazalari uchun yozish va o'chirish operatsiyalari tez, Kassandrada esa o'qish jarayoni nisbatan sekin. Neo4j bo'lsa, REST ishlashi MongoDB ga o'xshaydi, o'rnatilgan esa nisbatan sekin. Shuningdek, biz ushbu ma'lumotlar bazalarining taqsimlangan muhitda qanday ishlashini muhokama qilamiz.
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